is there a way to retrieve more than 4000 characters from database using either records type or data store entity
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If you know about the requirement in advance, I'm guessing (but i haven't tried) that you could rig up some sort of "link table" solution for a given field that needs to (sometimes) store >4000 characters, which could be cobbled back together at runtime?
Not as of now. I am sure Appian will raise this limitation in some future version.