I am trying to use a create new record action to insert a new record into my table and based on the grid I am showing to the user they only can see records associate to an related record. I would like to be able to pass in the primary key for that parent record into the record action so I can default that field to use that value and not allow the user to associate to a different parent on accident. It is possible that there is not data in the grid but I would still know the primary key of the parent record to pass in.
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The trick is, to make that "Create Child Item" action not a record list action of the child record, but a related action of the parent record. Then you know the parent.
This was the solution! Thank you Stefan!