Random unknown value writing to DB instead of value in PM?

Look how similar your mystery value is to the "negative integer overflow" (the lowest negative integer you can store before it overflows).  The most curious thing here is that it's slightly off.  But either way, this suggests to me that the value is being set to something totally bonkers, like an accidentally blank but not null value, or something else.

Oh wait - are you trying to save a field of type "text" to an integer field?  I expect that might have highly unexpected results (like the above).  Why can't you either make your DB field TEXT or change your RecordType field type to INTEGER?

I would bet on something (rule input, process variable etc) that has an unexpected type somewhere.